Sphamandla et al plants (2025)

Phytochemicals for Healthy Living: Extraction and Usage

International Journal of Technical Research & Science

Plants are the chief source of active ingredients or chemicals which are used in pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacological activity of plants makes them useful for curing bacterial, fungal contagions and also chronic-progressive diseases like diabetes and cancer etc. The synthetic molecules prepared in the laboratories, when used as medicine for treating for different diseases produce several side effects and continuous usage of those medicines is not recommended. The search for new plant based molecules for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical manufacturing companies are continuous process that necessitates continual optimization. In this article, we present the process of extraction of phytochemicals, isolation and identification of organic compounds. Antioxidant and anticancer properties of some of the plants are also discussed.

American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics Novel Techniques for Isolation and Extraction of Phyto-Constituents from Herbal Plants

The techniques used for extraction since decades have the limitations of requiring longer extraction times, large solvent volumes and cause degradation of thermo labile components. Modern methods of extraction are effective in advancing the development of traditional herbal remedies. Various novel techniques including ultrasonicationassisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction,counter-current extraction and accelerated solvent extraction have been developed for the extraction of nutraceuticals from plants in order to shorten the extraction time, decrease the solvent consumption, increase the extraction yield, and enhance the quality of extracts. A new advancement in the field of extraction was introduction of "Phytonics Process", a new solvent based on hydrofluorocarbon-134a technology used for extraction of fragrant components of essential oils and biological or phyto-pharmacological extracts which can be used directly without further physical or chemical treatment. The present article portrays a comprehensive discussion on principles, methodology, benefits and applications of these innovative extraction technologies for procuring active metabolites from different phytoconstituents.

An Overview of Methods of Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Natural Medicinal Plant Products in Improved Traditional Medicine Research

2020

Herbal plants are very important in traditional community use and enrich our plant biodiversity and conservation. Natural products are vital substances of traditional knowledge systems in complementary and alternative medicine, nutraceutical, food supplements, and pharmaceutical bioactive metabolites of new chemical entities. Bioactive secondary metabolites from herbal plants of different forms are main sources and provide major opportunities for drug active pharmaceuticals due to the diverse flora and fauna biodiversity that produces the necessary available chemical diversity. There has been an increasing popularity in phytochemical research within the high through put (HTS) screening programs in search of lead. Phytochemicals of herbal extracts for traditional uses contain various types of bioactive metabolites of pharmaceutical and pharmacotherapeutic nature, and many phytomedicines for different therapeutic areas have been derived from herbal products. This paper is aimed at giving an insight into the extraction, isolation, and characterization of the rich medicinal plant biodiversity of potential pharmaceutical importance and the major drawbacks and challenges in the extraction, isolation, and characterization of phytochemicals in plant extracts. Phytochemicals in medicinal plants have been studied with more emphasis on the extraction process which is a vital stage in the analysis of bioactive compounds in medicinal plant research. The advantages and disadvantages of the different extraction methods is important to discuss following the regulatory guidelines and different pharmacopoeia. The analysis of bioactive molecules in herbal products involves the applications of various phytochemical screening methods, and the use of chromatographic techniques such as TLC and HPLC, including in some cases the non-chromatographic methods like Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), immunoassay. This paper has been motivated by the challenges faced by most pharmacy students in data mining of information on phytochemical screening and testing of biological activities in projects related to herbal plants research. This write up is also geared towards providing students with information on the preclinical drug discovery process towards the formulation of an improved traditional medicine/ phytomedicine.

Major Phytochemicals: Recent Advances in Health Benefits and Extraction Method

Molecules

Recent scientific studies have established a relationship between the consumption of phytochemicals such as carotenoids, polyphenols, isoprenoids, phytosterols, saponins, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, etc., with health benefits such as prevention of diabetes, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. This has led to the popularization of phytochemicals. Nowadays, foods containing phytochemicals as a constituent (functional foods) and the concentrated form of phytochemicals (nutraceuticals) are used as a preventive measure or cure for many diseases. The health benefits of these phytochemicals depend on their purity and structural stability. The yield, purity, and structural stability of extracted phytochemicals depend on the matrix in which the phytochemical is present, the method of extraction, the solvent used, the temperature, and the time of extraction.

Modern Extraction Methods for Preparation of Bioactive Plant Extracts

2012

Extraction is the first crucial step in preparation of plant formulations. Modern methods of extraction are effective in advancing the development of traditional herbal remedies. The development of modern sample-preparation techniques with significant advantages over conventional methods for the extraction and analysis of medicinal plants is likely to play an important role in the overall effort of ensuring availability of high-quality herbal products to consumers worldwide. Sample preparation is of utmost importance to the development of analytical methods for the analysis of constituents present in the botanicals and herbal preparations. In this article principle behind operation of various extraction methods, factors influencing method performance, research progress, strength and weakness of different extraction approaches are discussed. Emphasis is put on the methods which are solvent and energy saving, and suitable for thermolabile phytocompounds.

Extraction methods for preparation of bioactive plant extracts: A comparative study

2012

Effectiveness of different methods for the extraction of principle actives and phytochemicals content in medicinal herbals

Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2021

In this present study, we investigated the influence of various extraction methods including maceration, sonication, infusion, decoction, and microwave extraction, on the chemical and biological potential of phytochemicals extracted from three medicinal plants (Ageratum conyzoides, Plantago major and Arctium lappa L). The results were subsequently analyzed by variance analysis. Our results suggested that sonication is the most effective extraction method among the five methods tested herein, for the extraction of phytochemicals that have a high antioxidant potential and high phenolic content. The three plants employed for this study had a high concentration of flavonoids and phenolics which was compatible with the chemosystematics of the species. All the samples possessed a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of less than 6. Interestingly, a maximum reaction time of approximately 20 min was noted for the complexation of AlCl3with the flavonoids present in the phytochemical extract during an...

An Overview of Herbal Nutraceuticals, Their Extraction, Formulation, Therapeutic Effects and Potential Toxicity

Separations

Herbal nutraceuticals are foods derived from plants and/or their derivatives, such as oils, roots, seeds, berries, or flowers, that support wellness and combat acute and chronic ailments induced by unhealthful dietary habits. The current review enlists various traditional as well as unexplored herbs including angelica, burnet, caraway, laurel, parsley, yarrow, and zedoary, which are rich sources of bioactive components, such as aloesin, angelicin, trans-anethole, and cholesteric-7-en-3β-ol. The review further compares some of the extraction and purification techniques, namely, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, hydro-distillation extraction, ultra-high-pressure extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, pulsed electric field extraction, bio affinity chromatography, cell membrane chromatography, and ligand fishing. Herbal nutraceuticals can be purchased in varied formulations,...

Importance of Bioactive Compounds Present in Plant Products and Their Extraction – A Review

Agricultural Reviews

India is one of the largest producers of fruits and vegetables in the world. These are rich sources of bioactive compounds which provide health benefits and also possess antioxidant therapeutic value. A large portion of fruits and vegetables goes unutilized in the form of pulp and peels after the extraction of juice in food processing industries. This contains a large number of bioactive compounds. The compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carotenoids are ubiquitously present in fruits, vegetables and their by-products. These compounds have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antitumor and many more activities to a greater or lesser extent. This review focuses on the bioactive compounds present in fruits, vegetables and their by-products along with their classification and importance in day to day life. A further aim of this review is to discuss various techniques employed in the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant products. The antioxidant activi...

Conventional, non-conventional extraction techniques and new strategies for the recovery of bioactive compounds from plant material for human nutrition

Food Research International, 2019